Monday 20 September 2010

Monday to sunday

Baby ,I am an introvert ,you know
like a crow flying above the snow
should I love you ,no no no no
I have been lucky to meet you ,honestly
Baby I am flying high now

21 years have passed ,I have matured,truly
4 kisses daily ,trust me
Baby I will ensure your soft cheeks wet
like a dog's tongue ,'cause its the man's best pet
baby I love you
But you know I like to be different
I will love you like my girl,inside my private tent

you were angry ,I loved looking at your eyes that time
I wish I could replay all of it
like a good movie in a vcr
singing this song sitting beside you in a motorcar
speeding through that dark cloud number nine
          
Baby I am wet ,But with you
I love it
'cause I am with you
and feelings are making me charged
Baby I am loving this love cancer
just because of you  

You are mine
I wanted to be your  heartbreak kid ,
crazy like a shooting star in the mid
Baby Its only you ,whom I will love forever

Thursday 15 July 2010

XAT 2005

http://www.coolavenues.com/mbasp/XAT-GK-2005.pdf

Download  XAT 2005 QA paper


XAT Previous year Essay Topics

XAT Previous essay topics
1996
There is no right way of doing a wrong thing.

1997
“By the third or fourth week of the term, business school had succeeded in afflicting me with a variation of the Stockholm syndrome, named after the incident in which a hostage in a Stockholm bank robbery fell in love with one of her captors.” (Peter Robinson in Snapshots from Hell : The making of an MBA)

1998
Max Weber, a German Sociologist, defined state as an entity that has a monopoly over legal violence. India proves that the converse is also true; if criminals cannot be punished by the law, its effect they become the state. (The Economist September 27, 1997)

1999
That is what a Television really is; it is another eye so you can see anywhere; another part of your heart so you can feel and care about things you never felt and cared about before; another ear to hear strange music … the first and only International language. (Allan Sherman in “A Gift of Language”).

2000
Ships in harbor are safe; but that is not what they are built for.

2001
Economic growth without distributive justice will lead to violence.

2002
Indian Economy in the post WTO regime.

2003
To give real service, one needs to add something which cannot be bought or measured, like sincerity and integrity.

2004
When asked which of his works was a masterpiece, the 83-year-old architect Frank Llyod Wright replied” my next one.”

2005
One billion Indians: Sea of opportunities, or India’s biggest problem.

2008
Gender imbalance and third world war

Monday 12 July 2010

THe Seamonkey Project

Web-browser, advanced e-mail, newsgroup and feed client, IRC chat, and HTML editing made simple -- all your Internet needs in one application.

Features of the SeaMonkey® Suite

Browser

  • Tabbed browsing gives you a better way to surf the net. You no longer have to open one page at a time. With tabbed browsing, open several pages at once with one click. Plus, your homepage can be multiple pages, in tabs. And if you mistakenly close a tab or window, functionality to Undo Closed Tab or Window helps you bring it back to continue working with it.
  • SeaMonkey's powerful Add-ons Management provides almost infinite possibilies to extend your Internet experience both through installing additional functionality created by others and even freely developing your own extensions and providing them to the rest of the SeaMonkey community.
  • Feed detection notifies you when web pages offer RSS or Atom feeds, and feed preview lets you view their contents and choose a reader with which to subscribe to those - including an internal reader in the Mail & Newsgroups component of SeaMonkey.
  • Smart Location Bar enables you to search your visited web pages right when typing in the browser's location bar and finding what you want to re-visited as fast as possible by learning which pages you visit frequently.
  • Popup blocker lets you surf the web without interruption from annoying ads.
  • Image Manager lets you block images to remove offensive images or speed up the rendering of web sites.
  • Find as you type gives you another way to navigate a page. Just start typing to jump from link to link or to find a word or phrase within a page.
  • Session restore brings back all your open windows and tabs after the rare occasion that SeaMonkey crashes - and if you wish even when you close and reopen the browser or restart your computer.
  • Plus all the features a modern browser should have including: Advanced security settings; Password, Download, and Cookie managers; Web form autocompletion; Themes; toolbar customization; multi-language and multi-platform support; and the latest in Web Standards.

Mail & Newsgroups

  • Tabbed Mail lets you manage your mail and folders in parallel, without losing control of where you're at when reading, replying to and working with messages in more complex patterns.
  • Junk mail controls help you take back control of your e-mail from spammers. SeaMonkey's adaptive junk mail control gets smarter with use and is personalized to the e-mail that you receive.
  • Manage your mail with customizable Tags and Mail Views. Color code your e-mail to help you prioritize. Sort your mail with views to help you through your e-mail much faster.
  • Multiple Accounts support helps you manage all your mail through one interface.
  • Feeds and Blogs is a reader for RSS and Atom feeds right in your messaging center that eases your reading of information from all across the web.
  • SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups includes Enterprise ready features such as S/MIME, return receipts, Address Books, LDAP support, and digital signing.

Composer

SeaMonkey's powerful yet simple HTML editor keeps getting better with dynamic image and table resizing, quick insert and delete of table cells, improved CSS support, and support for positioned layers. For all your documents and website projects, Composer is all you need.

IRC Chat ("ChatZilla")

Chat on IRC networks with this simple yet powerful IRC client. Multiple networks and channels are easy to keep track of in a familiar tabbed interface.
You can change the look and feel of the chat with motifs; choose from several built-in motifs, many more downloadable, or create your own with CSS.

Web Development Tools

  • DOM Inspector enables you to dig into the document structure of web pages, add-ons or even the SeaMonkey "chrome" itself and inspect a huge number of properties of any element in that structure, including JavaScript objects and CSS styles.
  • JavaScript Debugger ("Venkman") lets you debug JavaScript code on your websites, add-ons and even in SeaMonkey itself with a suite of powerful debugging tools.


Download Seamonkey From Here---;Click Here  


Wednesday 7 July 2010

HOW GOOGLE SEARCHES ?


HOW GOOGLE SEARCHES?                                                             

In the beginning the internet was much like a big collection of waste plus useful documents scattered pervasively .Finding information was then , a much breath-halting task .Early search engines were like rudimentary life-forms ,most of them got the basic job done .But as more people desired to connect on the world wide web ,their limitations and dependence on the information that content creators put on so-called meta-tags (strings of text that identified the content of the page in the source code )meant that such engines were liable to be beaten.                                                                                                                       

Then came the now mega search engine giant Google .What google did was ,it organized the information a lot more better .Instead of depending on the text of the web page to determine the search results ,it determined the page ‘s influence using a variety of factors –like how many times a page has been visited Or linked to.
But there is more to the internet than google and more to search as well .Microsoft’s CEO steve Ballmer had said that five years ago google was just a a small fish in the pan ,as Microsoft readied its (then) latest search engine .Microsoft did not get too far then ,but laid the foundation for an effort that churned out bing ,its search engine launched last year .The engine uses a similar algorithm as google’s page rank algorithm. PageRank is a link analysis algorithm, named after Larry Page,[1] used by the Google Internet search engine that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web, with the purpose of "measuring" its relative importance within the set. The algorithm may be applied to any collection of entities with reciprocal quotations and references. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given element E is also called the PageRank of E and denoted byPR(E).
The name "PageRank" is a trademark of Google, and the PageRank process has been patented (U.S. Patent 6,285,999). However, the patent is assigned to Stanford University and not to Google. Google has exclusive license rights on the patent from Stanford University. The university received 1.8 million shares of Google in exchange for use of the patent; the shares were sold in 2005 for $336 million..
Google founders Larry page and sergey Brin have spoken of their fears of being outsed by a new comer .Google is the laeder in serach but yahoo's Carol Bartz is looking to catch up .








Wednesday 23 June 2010

x
ChromePlus has all the functionalities that Google Chrome has. More, ChromePlus added some useful features such as Mouse gesture, Super drag, IE tab, etc. Meanwhile, ChromePlus is free with no function limitation and you can use ChromePlus to surf the internet in any case.ChromePlus is produced by Maple Studio.We are dedicated in improving the use experience of Chrome browser.
Maple studio is the 1st-class development team composed of passionful senior developers. Welcome volunteers with good progamming skills or other language translations to join us.                          
                                                                                         

Currently, ChromePlus has 5 extra features:

Thursday 13 May 2010

Basics Of Infrared Transmitter


38-kHz IR LED Circuit 

Infrared circuit lit up

The first project I posted to Robot Room involved a 
74HC00 NAND infrared oscillator. Nine months have passed and I'd learned a lot.

The power usage of my original NAND oscillator can be reduced without any loss of drive or functionality:




  • Swap in a Toshiba 74HC00A NAND
  • Switch the 10-kilohm pull-up resistor for 100 kilohms
  • Eliminate a whole inverting buffer gate by switching the 2N2222 NPN transistor driver to a 2N2907 PNP transistor driver.

Usage

The oscillator will be used to generate a square wave at a desired frequency. The wave is fed into a transistor that drives an infrared LED on and off very rapidly. Because the emissions are infrared and very fast, neither is visible to the human eye.

Inexpensive infrared receiver chips are available at 36 kHz, 38 kHz, and 40 kHz. The receivers are sensitive to oscillations several kilohertz to either side, although reception distance improves with a better signal to start with.

If used for 
object detection, the signal needs to travel the distance to the object, bounce off the object, and then travel the distance back to the receiver. So, distance becomes a factor.

Because infrared receivers amplify the signal to improve detection, electrical noise generated from the oscillator can leak into the receiver and trigger a false detection. This isn't a problem for VCRs or most consumer devices as they tend to contain either a transmitter (remote control) or a receiver (CD player), but not both.

Therefore, robot transmitter and receiver circuits must be carefully designed and positioned apart to be useful. Robots that chase electrical ghosts, spin in place, or jerk sporadically are initially amusing, but eventually frustrating.

The lower the power of the circuit, the more likely it will be lower in noise. Also, liberal use of decoupling capacitors and metal shielding helps a lot. Greater distance between the circuits makes an enormous difference.
The Popular 555

The 555 IC is an extremely popular timer. The low-power CMOS versions (TLC555, LMC555, and ICM7555) use less power than the older (555, NE555, LM555) versions and don't require a capacitor on the control pin. Although pin and functionally compatible, the component values differ between the low-power CMOS and older versions.

Just for fun, I tested three different manufacturers' CMOS 555 timers. Below are the results at 38 kHz and the prices I paid.


National Semiconductor LMC555National Semi
LMC555
Texas Instruments TLC555Texas Instruments
TLC555
Maxim ICM7555Maxim
ICM7555
Oscillator current when enabled0.651 milliamps0.655 milliamps0.564 milliamps
Oscillator current when disabled0.166 milliamps0.142 milliamps0.078 milliamps
IC Price
(quantity one)
$0.70$0.78$2.49
($1.88 from Maxim)

Notice the current usage of for each of these chips is less than one milliamp!
Infrared Emitter 555 Schematic

A portion of the configuration presented here is similar to an example in the Maxim ICM7555 datasheet. In this circuit, the 555 is used in astable multivibrator mode.
Schematic of 36 kHz to 40 kHz oscillator and infrared emitter

For maximum effect, over 60 milliamps pulses through the infrared LED. Adjust R3 as appropriate for your use and LED specifications.





When calculating current through the resistor, don't forget to first subtract the voltage drop across the LED and transistor. Let's say the LED uses 1.8 V (1.6 V to 2.2 V wouldn't be unheard of). Let's say the collector-emitter drop of the transistor uses 0.2 V.

5 V (total) - 1.8 V (LED) - 0.2 V (transistor) = 3 V remaining to drop across the resistor.

3 V / 47 ohms is about 64 mA. Because there's only one path, the current going through the resistor must be the same as what's going through the LED.

Now for the other trick: the word "pulses". The LED is only on half the time because it is blinking. If you use an ohmmeter, the average current is 32 mA (half).

Aside: The LED heats up faster than it cools off. As such, it's not possible to drive 100 mA through a 50 mA LED even though the average current is half. Depending on ambient temperatures, it's usually safe to drive only 125% or 133% of rated maximum at 50% duty. With smaller duty cycles and frequent pauses, it's possible to drive a lot more current in very short bursts.


From: Peter
Sent: Sunday, June 03, 2001 11:01 AM
Subject: 38-kHz IR Advice

Hi ,

I am a real beginner at electronics, but I built your 555-based IR emitter. It only has a range of about 30 cm. I would like to boost that to about 10 m. I can get this range using normal household remotes. Do you have any suggestions for increasing the range I can get?

FYI: I am trying to build a Go-Kart timer, and wish to build an IR emitter that can be used to automatically trigger a timer when it is passed.

Thanks for your site and time.

Cheers
Peter
 replies:

Hi Peter,

Good question.

I assume you're using a decent IR detector module. For example, the Panasonic 38-kHz IC Photodetector (PNA4602M or PNA4612MOOYB available from DigiKey). The 4612 has a greater range than the 4602, but is usually not appropriate for robots that also emit 38-kHz IR. The emissions generate electrical noise that causes false detections. However, because your emitter and detector circuits are not connected, the 4612 would be a superior solution for you.

Don't forget to attach a 0.1 µF capacitor directly across the power leads on the detector module. This dramatically reduces false signals.

As for the emitter portion:




  1. Obtain the datasheet for the infrared LED you're using. Look for the angle of emission. Common IR LEDs range from 6 to 120 degrees. For remote controls, the angle is usually between 15 and 25 degrees. For an interrupter beam, you want the smallest angle you can get.
  2. Consider using several IR LEDs bunched together. This will improve range. In the 555 circuit, if you drop the R3 resistor value down, you can get a second IR LED in series for free (same current flowing through a pair of LEDs).
  3. Use lenses to focus the beam. This is how detection systems on garage door obstacle detectors achieve such range. This may not be acceptable for your application, because the detector isn't in a fixed position.
  4. Use a laser pointer to line up the emitter and detector. Even a slight deviation can sap range. Or, instead of a laser pointer, put a light or buzzer on the detector and adjust the emitter until you receive the maximum detection. For your use, you may want to use a collecting lens on the detector only.
  5. Believe it or not, about half an amp (500 mA) pours through the infrared diode of an ordinary remote control! The trick is that the diode is on for 0.000025 seconds or less, with rests of at least that long, spelling out 13 bits before resting for 25 milliseconds or more. So, the LED has plenty of time to cool between bursts.

    If you decide to push more current through your IR LEDs, remember that the resistor (R4) on the base of the transistor needs to be lowered so that the transistor can supply more current. You'll then need to re-tune the variable resistor (R2).
Hope this helps


Even if you could find a 18796.9 ohm resistor, it turns out the capacitance and resistance of the wiring and the wide tolerance (even at 1%) of the parts means a variable resistor (potentiometer) is a must! Also, the current being used to drive the transistor (Q1) alters the timing a bit.

Using a 1-nF (C1) [1 nF is same as 0.001 µF] capacitor and a 15-kilohm fixed resistor (R1) plus a 5-kilohm potentiometer (R2) does the trick. Not only does the potentiometer allow for hand tuning, but also the frequency can be varied from about 32 kHz up to about 42 kHz. The margin means the desired values of 36 kHz to 40 kHz should be attainable even with variations in parts and wiring.


38-kHz infrared emitter on solderless breadboard

Theoretical frequency can be calculated by:
f=1/(1.4 RC)

where f is frequency in kilohertz, R is resistance in kilohms, and C is capacitance in microfarads.

38 kilohertz = 
1/(1.4 * 18.7969 kilohms * 0.001 microfarads)Solderless Breadboard

There's a slight change from the official schematic presented above. On the breadboard, the timing capacitor (C1) is connected to +5 V rather than ground. Testing indicates the same frequency, voltage range, and power consumption regardless. Still, you should use a connection to GND.

Multiturn potentiometer vs. single turn

On the left is a multiturn potentiometer. The small brass-colored screw rotates many times to perform the same adjustment as the white single-turn dial on the right. The multiturn allows for more precise adjustments and is less prone to shift out of position. Even if it does shift, less change results because it needs to take multiple turns around.

Multiturn potentiometers are more expensive, but worth it for timing circuits.








Monday 26 April 2010

Shortage Of a friend

Shortage of a Friend -

my feet wet ,I walked on the dry soil
fresh and cold ,sunlight ,air pushing me 
come on lets go ,its time to expand something 
I mean the knowledge ,I miss burning morning oil

I fear looking at books ,they are so white 
my eyes ,my future not so bright ,I think every night 
At this time ,good times are to end ,
All I needed was a frozen,young,real friend 

See friends today I am not in shape to write a story 
day by day ,I have gone weak ,like a stick ,
I tell you ,There is no summary ,only worry 
descending quality of water and friend ,babes I am thinking of a trick 

I always think ,we are slaves ,
we are not free ,we live in dark caves 
books force us to think what others thought 
come on dudes ,Its time to quit what others taught 

see curious readers ,I promised you 
writing ,fighting ,thinking ,making and again writing 
about my shortage of a friend ,I am now in confused zoo 
shoo is the only word ,My ears went through 
sorry comes next ,I say its too late ,wrong timing 


I am so confused ,I had the guts to confess
good humans come near me,
you and I will live together and make no mess 
nobody trusts me ,not even me ,
I am still a kid ,people tell me ,
I am still learning A, B, C ,D and E

I should end now all this 
I bore all of you so much ,like a pest 
by the way ,thank you for showing your interest 
we will soon meet again ,hope I had a real friend 
I will continue bugging you all ,Its going to never end 

hey wait,it was not a good line to end ,I am sad 
Knowledge and friends should be open source ,I support it 
My heart says ,you have again won ,You are not bad 
I laugh when people can obtain me ,use me ,and recycle me ,makes me feel glad ,
Its always been the best day of my life ,I desire  to be a disease ,this line dont omit 
my transmisson will be slow ,and bit by bit 






Friday 23 April 2010

CHECK OUT THIS OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE !!

Logo
      
Description:
The uNiBoard version 1.1 is an ideal development platform for Embedded and Real Time systems programming. Powered by a RISC machine (ATmega128) that provides a throughput of 16 MIPS and up to 128KB of internal storage (flash), the board is suitable for any sort of embedded application development
Features:
On-board peripherals like Joystick along with the communication port (RS232) and the Gtkterm driver (hyper-terminal for Windows) make the board apt for basic game (refer application notes in user manual) development (on VT102 based terminals) in an Embedded (non-OS) as well as OS based environment. RT Kernels with small footprint (uC/OS-II, FreeRTOS, nut OS) can be ported on the board to gain hands-on experience of Real time application design
The board along with its content-rich user manual is a perfect companion to have for hobbyists/aspirants seeking a career in Embedded software design, since it can accommodate preliminary applications like port control or sensor data processing built on Embedded C to complex real time applications built on RTOS like DAS (Data Acquisition Systems), embedded web-server, FAT FS for embedded systems and more.


Beginners' guide:ResourcesLatest
Buy uNiBoard
User manual
Software packages
Hardware details
Getting started
Sample codes
RTOS demystified
SD/MMC interface
Ethernet interface
Telnet server
Wireless Keyboard
SNAKE using RTOS
Open Projects
POV Display
Nokia LCD interfacing
Software UART
Arkanoid
Embedded Cam

Licensing terms

We plan to adhere to the Creative Commons license (Refer licensing terms), which has the philosophy of “Share, Remix, Reuse - Legally”. It means that anyone and everyone is allowed to produce copies of the board, to redesign it, or even to sell boards that copy the design. You don’t need to pay a license fee to the ThinkLABS team or even ask permission. However, if you republish the reference design, you have to credit the original group. And if you tweak or change the board, your new design must use the same or a similar Creative Commons license to ensure that new versions of the board will be equally free and open.